Assignment From Mr. Tri Djoko Wahyono
Review Questions
3.Programming language that has dominated as scientific computer over 50 years is Fortran. Fortran or Formula Translation is an early high-level computer language designed specifically for writing programs involving mathematical and scientific computations, it provided the basis for BASIC and other languages.
4.Programming language that has dominated for business application over 50 year is COBOL. COBOL use language for these application and it characterized by facilities for producing elaborate reports, precise ways of describing and storing decimal numbers
5.Programming language that has dominated for Artificial intelligence over 50 years is LISP.
The name LISP derives from "List Processing".Linked lists are one of Lisp language's major data structures, and lisp source code is itself made up of lists.
13.A program is said to be reliable if it performs to its specifications under all conditons.
15.Aliasing is a signal processing term. Aliasing occurs when a system is measured at an insufficient sampling rate. The most common example comes from old westerns. If you watch a movie with a stage coach, the wagon wheels appear to moves backwards once a certain speed is reached. The wagon wheel is the same as a paper plate from example onoe with several dots around the perimeter (wheel spokes) instead of one.
16.Exception handling is the ability of a program to intercept run time errors, take corrective measures, and then continue is an obvious aid to reliability.
17.Readability is important to writability because if a programming language is difficult to read and understand then it can be difficult for a programmer to create new code that might need to interact or use other code. Often times code needs to be modified and if a program is difficult to read then it is difficult to add new code to it.
29. Hybrid implementation systems is a language implementation method that translate high level language programs to an intermediate language designed to allow easy interpretation. This method is faster than pure interpretation because the source language statements are decoded once.
Problem Set
1.Yes , because when we learn about programming language we learn how to read a particular algorithmic and the step of using it.
2.The first programmer in human history is Ada Lovelace.
Ada Lovelace was the daughter of the poet lord Byron. She was taught by Mary Somerville, a well-known researcher and scientific author, who introduced her to Charles Babbage in June 1833. Babbage was an English mathematician, who first had the idea for a programmable computer.In 1842 and 1843, Ada translated the work of an Italian mathematician, Luigi Menabrea, on Babbage's Analytical Engine. Though mechanical, this machine was an important step in the history of computers; it was the design of a mechanical general-purpose computer. Babbage worked on it for many years until his death in 1871. However, because of financial, political, and legal issues, the engine was never built. The design of the machine was very modern; it anticipated the first completed general-purpose computers by about 100 years.3. The disadvantages of using multiple programming language is a programmer may take a little time to specify the type of a variable, there is a cost for static error detection, but it tend to reduce debugging time.
When Ada translated the article, she added a set of notes which specified in complete detail a method for calculating certain numbers with the Analytical Engine, which have since been recognized by historians as the world's first computer program. She also saw possibilities in it that Babbage hadn't: she realised that the machine could compose pieces of music. The computer programming language 'Ada', used in some aviation and military programs, is named after her.
6. Readability , because readability affects in both the writing and maintenance phases of the life cycle.
7.The advantages Is that separated data bus are not required. the disadvantage is Executes instruction serially and Limited times that takes to process each instruction.
10.If major cost of computing is shift hardware to software then the hardware costs will be decreased and programmer costs is increased.
12. no, because for what i think a programming language may still has a thing that made a lack in it .For example, java may not perform well on old computer, c++ Overly complex and difficult to debug when used for web application.
15. Advantages
-Take no memory
Disadvantages
- Name may not be seen by debugger
- Do not have specific data type
