Concepts of Programming Languages Chapter 7
Name : Erland
NIM : 1601218035
Lecturer : Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc. (D0206)
Assignment : Concept of programming languages Chapter 7
Review Questions
Name : Erland
NIM : 1601218035
Lecturer : Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc. (D0206)
Assignment : Concept of programming languages Chapter 7
Review Questions
1. Define operator precedence and operator associativity.
Answer :
-Operator precedence is a rule used to clarify which procedures should be performed first in a given mathematical expression.-Operator associativity is a property that determines how operators of the same precedence are grouped in the absence of parentheses
2. What is ternary operator?
Answer : An operator that have 3 operands.
3.
Answer : An operator which signifies function of one argument which
argument immediately follows an occurrence of the operator
argument immediately follows an occurrence of the operator
4. what operator usually has right associativity?
Answer : Increments(++) and decrements(–) operators in C languages
5. What is nonassociative operator?
Answer : Non-associative operators are operators that have no defined
behavior when used in sequence in an expression
behavior when used in sequence in an expression
8. Define functional side effect.
Answer:Functional side effect occurs when the function changes either one
of its parameters or a global variable.
Answer:Functional side effect occurs when the function changes either one
of its parameters or a global variable.
9. What is a coercion?
Answer : Coercion is defined as an implicit type conversion that initiated
by the compiler.
by the compiler.
10. What is overloaded operator?
Answer :overloaded operator is a specific case of polymorphism, where
different operators have different implementations depending on
their arguments.
different operators have different implementations depending on
their arguments.
12. Define narrowing and widening conversions.
Answer : Narrowing conversion convert a value to a type that cannot
store even aporiximations of all the value of the original type.
Widening conversion converts a value to a type that can include
at least approximations of all of the value of the original type.
store even aporiximations of all the value of the original type.
Widening conversion converts a value to a type that can include
at least approximations of all of the value of the original type.
Problem Sets
Because this assigning operations would be the different part of the code
if it is implemented on other code that might cause confusion of the
programmer or even it might disrupt the semantics of a language’s syntax.
7. Describe a situation in which the add operator in a programming language
would not be commutative.
Answer :
If the add operator for a language is also used to concatenate strings,
it’s quite apparent that it would not be commutative.
commutative.
1. When might you want the compiler to ignore type differences in an expression?
Answer:Suppose Type1 is a subrange of Integer. It may be useful for the difference
between Type1 and Integer to be ignored by the compiler in an expression.
between Type1 and Integer to be ignored by the compiler in an expression.
5. Should C’s assigning operations (for example, +=) be included in other languages
(that do not already have them) ? Why or why not ?
Answer:No. C’s assigning operations should not be included in other languages. (that do not already have them) ? Why or why not ?
Because this assigning operations would be the different part of the code
if it is implemented on other code that might cause confusion of the
programmer or even it might disrupt the semantics of a language’s syntax.
7. Describe a situation in which the add operator in a programming language
would not be commutative.
Answer :
If the add operator for a language is also used to concatenate strings,
it’s quite apparent that it would not be commutative.
For example:These two strings are obviously not equal, so the addition operator is not“efg” + “hij” = “efghij” “lkm” + “nop” = “lkmnop”
commutative.
18. Should an optimizing compiler for C or C++ be allowed to change the order of
subexpressions in a Boolean expression? Why or why not?
subexpressions in a Boolean expression? Why or why not?
Answer : No. Because of short-circuit evaluation, the order of subexpressions
around an && is important.
21. Why does Java specify that operands in expressions are all evaluated in
left-to-right order?
Answer: Most groups use left-to-right associativity, which means that in an
expression with operators in the same precedence group, the operators
are applied in left-to-right order.
around an && is important.
21. Why does Java specify that operands in expressions are all evaluated in
left-to-right order?
Answer: Most groups use left-to-right associativity, which means that in an
expression with operators in the same precedence group, the operators
are applied in left-to-right order.
